Impacts of crop production nitrogen (N) inputs and losses to the environment are a growing public concern. A U.S. national N management and nitrous oxide emission science workshop, aided by science input from Canada scientists, resulted in seven crop- and region-sensitive N management frameworks. Each framework has three tiers or suites of 4R N management practices to improve economic, social, and environmental outcomes. Intelligent implementation of improved 4R suites of N management practices can result in greater crop recovery of applied N, sustained and improved soil fertility and health, and cleaner water and air; while reducing emissions of nitrous oxide.